Here is ECONOMICS REDUCED SYLLABUS for HSSC II, grade 12
Economics reduced syllabus for HSSC board exam 2021 has been uploaded on fbise website. You can also see online ECONOMICE reduced syllabus HSSC II here:
ECONOMICS-XII
Economics reduced syllabus for HSSC II class 12 is given below:
PART-A
MACRO ECONOMICS
I. National Income
1. G.N.P, N. N.P, GDP, National Income.
2. Methods of computing national income.
a. Product method.
b. Income methods.
c. Expenditure methods.
d. Circular flow diagram.
e. Concept of equilibrium MPC, MPS,
Y= C+S
Y = C+I
f. Income where S=I
II. Money
1. Barter system and its difficulties.
3. Definition of money.
4. Functions of money.
5. Kinds of money.
6. Instruments of money (credit cards, ATM Traveler
Cheques).
7. Demand for and supply of money.
8. Value of money.
9. Quantity theory of money (fisher’s equation).
III. Banks
i. Definition of Bank.
ii. Kinds and functions of Banks
iii. Commercial Banks and their functions with
particular reference to credit
creation.
iv. Definition of interest.
v. Interest free Banking in Pakistan.
IV. Public Finance
1. Public vs Private finances.
2. Public revenue and tax culture.
i. Tax and non-Tax revenue.
ii. Principals of taxation.
iii. Kinds of taxation.
a. Direct and indirect tax.
b. Progressive and proportionalPART-B
- PAKISTAN ECONOMICS
VI. Introduction to Pakistan Economy
1. Agriculture Sector.
2. Trade and Industrial Sector.
VII. National Income of Pakistan
1. Its size and sectoral contribution.
2. Difficulties in measurement.
3. Causes of low per capita income.
4. Tax culture
VIII. Economic Development and Planning
1. Concept of economic development.
2. Problems of under development.
3. Factors influencing development.
4. Quality of life (living standard) with reference to
Pakistan.
6. Importance and problems in agricultural and
industrial sectors of Pakistan and
their solution.
7. Development of Industries.
X. Banking in Pakistan
a. Commercial Banks and their functions.
b. Role of banking system in economic development.
c. State Bank of Pakistan its functions and importance.
XII. Foreign Trade of Pakistan
1. Major exports of Pakistan.
2. Major Imports of Pakistan
3. Balance of payments position of Pakistan.
XIII. Economic System of Islam
9. Comparison
between capitalism, socialism and Islamic System.
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